Madrid, the vibrant capital of Spain, seamlessly blends rich history with modern flair. From world-class museums to stunning architecture and lively public spaces, Madrid offers a wealth of attractions that cater to all interests. The city’s fascinating past, dating back to the 9th century, is evident in its well-preserved historic center, while its contemporary side shines through in its cutting-edge restaurants, trendy neighborhoods, and thriving arts scene.
In this blog post, I’ll guide you through 17 of the best attractions and places to visit in Madrid. These spots showcase the locations we found most interesting on our recent visit to the iconic city.
Gran Via
Gran Via, often called the “Spanish Broadway,” is Madrid’s most famous street and a must-visit attraction. Built in the early 20th century, this grand boulevard stretches for 1.3 kilometers and is lined with stunning examples of early 20th-century architecture.
The street is home to numerous theaters, cinemas, and shops, making it a hub of entertainment and commerce. Notable buildings include the Metropolis Building, with its distinctive dome, and the Edificio Grassy, known for its clock tower. Shopping enthusiasts will find a mix of international brands and local boutiques.
For a unique experience, visit the Gourmet Experience on the top floor of El Corte Inglés, offering panoramic views of the city along with gourmet food stalls. At night, Gran Via comes alive with bright neon signs and bustling crowds, reminiscent of Times Square in New York. Don’t miss the opportunity to enjoy a drink at one of the rooftop bars for a spectacular view of the illuminated street.
Prado Museum
The Prado Museum, one of the world’s premier art galleries, houses an extensive collection of European art from the 12th to early 20th centuries. Founded in 1819, the museum is particularly renowned for its collection of Spanish art, including masterpieces by Velázquez, Goya, and El Greco.
The museum’s collection comprises over 8,000 paintings, though only about 1,300 are on display at any given time. Some must-see works include Velázquez’s “Las Meninas,” Goya’s “The Third of May 1808,” and Hieronymus Bosch’s “The Garden of Earthly Delights.” The Prado offers free guided tours in English, which provide fascinating insights into the artworks and their historical context.
For a unique experience, visit during the evening hours when the museum is less crowded. Art enthusiasts should consider purchasing the Paseo del Arte pass, which includes entry to the Prado, Reina Sofia, and Thyssen-Bornemisza museums at a discounted price. The museum’s café, located in a beautiful cloister, is a perfect spot for a break during your visit.
Royal Palace of Madrid

The Royal Palace of Madrid, the official residence of the Spanish Royal Family, is a magnificent example of Baroque and Classical architecture. Built in the 18th century on the site of the old Alcázar fortress, it’s the largest royal palace in Western Europe, boasting 3,418 rooms. While the royal family doesn’t actually live here, the palace is still used for state ceremonies.
Visitors can explore the lavishly decorated state rooms, including the Throne Room with its ceiling fresco by Tiepolo, and the Royal Armoury, which houses one of the world’s finest collections of armor and weapons. The palace’s Royal Pharmacy, with its shelves of medicinal herbs and elixirs, offers a fascinating glimpse into historical medical practices.
Don’t miss the Changing of the Guard ceremony, which takes place every Wednesday and Saturday (weather permitting). The palace gardens, Campo del Moro, offer a peaceful retreat with beautiful fountains and tree-lined paths. For a truly royal experience, time your visit to coincide with one of the classical music concerts occasionally held in the palace’s courtyard.
Puerta del Sol
Puerta del Sol, or “Gate of the Sun,” is Madrid’s most famous and central square, often considered the heart of the city. Historically, it was one of the gates in the city wall that surrounded Madrid in the 15th century. Today, it’s a bustling hub of activity and a popular meeting point for locals and tourists alike.
The square is home to several iconic landmarks, including the statue of the Bear and the Strawberry Tree (the symbol of Madrid), and the famous clock whose bells mark the traditional eating of the Twelve Grapes at New Year’s Eve. The Kilometre Zero plaque, marking the center of the Spanish road network, is embedded in the pavement in front of the old Post Office building, now the headquarters of the Madrid regional government.
Sol is also a major shopping area, with many well-known stores and the famous El Corte Inglés department store nearby. Street performers often entertain crowds in the square, adding to its lively atmosphere. For a taste of local tradition, visit the nearby La Mallorquina pastry shop, which has been serving sweet treats since 1894.
Plaza Mayor
Plaza Mayor, Madrid’s grand central square, has been at the heart of city life since it was built during the Habsburg period. Completed in 1619, the square has witnessed everything from bullfights and executions to royal coronations and markets. Today, it’s a popular gathering place surrounded by cafes and restaurants with outdoor seating.
The square is uniformly designed with three-story residential buildings with 237 balconies facing the Plaza. At the center stands an imposing bronze statue of King Philip III on horseback. The most notable building is the Casa de la Panadería, with its beautifully frescoed facade depicting mythological figures.
During Christmas, the Plaza hosts a charming market selling decorations and crafts. For a unique view, climb to the top of the Gourmet Experience in the nearby El Corte Inglés department store. While the cafes in the square can be touristy, they offer a great spot for people-watching. Don’t miss trying a calamari sandwich, a local specialty, at one of the bars under the arches.
El Retiro Park
El Retiro Park, often simply called “Retiro,” is Madrid’s green lung and a favorite retreat for locals and visitors alike. Originally belonging to the Spanish monarchy, the park was opened to the public in the late 19th century. Spanning 350 acres, it offers a variety of attractions within its grounds. The artificial lake is a popular spot where visitors can rent rowboats.
The Crystal Palace, a beautiful glass structure built in 1887, now hosts contemporary art exhibitions. Don’t miss the Velázquez Palace, another exhibition space within the park. The Rose Garden, with over 4,000 roses, is particularly beautiful in May and June. The park is also home to the oldest tree in Madrid, a bald cypress planted in 1633.
For a peaceful moment, visit the La Rosaleda Garden or the Forest of Remembrance, a memorial to the victims of the 2004 Madrid bombings. On weekends, the park comes alive with street performers, fortune tellers, and puppet shows, especially around the northern entrance. Early mornings are perfect for joining locals in their exercise routines or tai chi sessions.
Reina Sofia Museum
The Reina Sofia Museum, housed in an 18th-century hospital building, is Madrid’s premier modern art museum. It’s best known as the home of Pablo Picasso’s masterpiece “Guernica,” a powerful anti-war painting created in response to the bombing of Guernica during the Spanish Civil War. The museum’s collection focuses on 20th-century Spanish art, featuring works by Salvador Dalí, Joan Miró, and Juan Gris, among others.
The building itself is an interesting blend of the old and new, with a modern addition designed by Jean Nouvel that includes a striking red courtyard. Don’t miss the museum’s excellent collection of surrealist works, including Dalí’s “The Great Masturbator.”
The Reina Sofia often hosts temporary exhibitions that showcase contemporary artists from around the world. For a unique perspective, visit the glass elevators on the outside of the building, which offer panoramic views of Madrid. The museum’s rooftop terrace, accessible with a separate ticket, provides a beautiful setting for a drink with a view. On Mondays, Wednesdays, Thursdays, and Fridays, entry is free from 7 pm to 9 pm.
Almudena Cathedral
The Almudena Cathedral, located adjacent to the Royal Palace, is a relatively modern addition to Madrid’s skyline. Construction began in 1879 but wasn’t completed until 1993, making it the first cathedral to be consecrated by a Pope (John Paul II) outside of Rome.
The cathedral’s architecture is a unique blend of different styles, with a neoclassical exterior to match the nearby Royal Palace, and a more modern interior with elements of pop art. The cathedral’s crypt, which houses a 16th-century image of the Virgin of Almudena, Madrid’s patron saint, is worth exploring. Climb to the dome for panoramic views of Madrid and the Royal Palace.
The cathedral museum showcases religious art and artifacts, including a collection of vestments worn by John Paul II during the consecration. Don’t miss the colorful chapels, each decorated in a different style. The cathedral often hosts classical music concerts, offering a unique way to experience the space.
For a special experience, time your visit to coincide with the sunset, when the light filtering through the modern stained glass windows creates a beautiful effect.
Mercado de San Miguel
Mercado de San Miguel, located near Plaza Mayor, is a gourmet’s paradise and one of Madrid’s most popular food markets. Built in 1916, it’s Madrid’s last remaining iron market hall. After extensive renovations, it reopened in 2009 as a gastronomic market.
The market features over 30 vendors selling a wide variety of fresh produce, meats, seafood, and prepared foods. It’s an excellent place to sample Spanish delicacies like jamón ibérico, fresh oysters, and local cheeses. Don’t miss the opportunity to try some Spanish wines or vermouth at one of the market’s bars.
The market is particularly lively in the evenings when locals and tourists gather for tapas and drinks. For a unique experience, join one of the cooking classes or gastronomic events often held at the market. The beautiful iron and glass structure is worth admiring, especially when illuminated at night. While it can get crowded, especially on weekends, visiting during off-peak hours allows for a more relaxed experience. Remember that some stalls offer seating, while others are standing-room only.
Plaza de Oriente
Plaza de Oriente, situated between the Royal Palace and the Royal Theatre, is one of Madrid’s most beautiful squares. Designed in the 19th century, the plaza is adorned with manicured gardens and statues of Gothic kings. The central statue depicts Philip IV on horseback, a remarkable piece of equestrian art designed with the help of Galileo Galilei to balance the horse on its hind legs.
The square offers stunning views of the Royal Palace and is a popular spot for both tourists and locals to relax. The café terraces around the square are perfect for people-watching and enjoying the view. During summer evenings, the square often hosts open-air concerts. Don’t miss the opportunity to explore the nearby Sabatini Gardens, which offer another perspective of the Royal Palace.
The square is particularly beautiful when the palace and surrounding buildings are illuminated at night. For a cultural experience, check out a performance at the Royal Theatre, one of Europe’s leading opera houses. The plaza is also a great starting point for a walk along Madrid’s historic center.
Cerralbo Museum
The Cerralbo Museum, housed in the former residence of the 17th Marquis of Cerralbo, offers a glimpse into the life of Madrid’s 19th-century aristocracy. The museum preserves the original décor and the vast collection of art and artifacts amassed by the Marquis. Visitors can explore room after room filled with paintings, sculptures, tapestries, ceramics, and furniture from various periods. The ballroom and the main staircase are particularly impressive, showcasing the opulence of the era.
The museum’s armory contains a significant collection of weapons and armor. Don’t miss the beautiful garden, a tranquil oasis in the heart of Madrid. The museum offers free guided tours in Spanish, which provide fascinating insights into the history of the house and its inhabitants. Photography enthusiasts will appreciate the museum’s policy allowing non-flash photography throughout the building.
For a unique experience, visit during one of the museum’s occasional evening events, which sometimes include period music performances. The museum is less crowded than Madrid’s more famous art galleries, offering a more intimate cultural experience.
Temple of Debod
The Temple of Debod is an ancient Egyptian temple in the heart of Madrid, making it one of the city’s most unusual attractions. The temple was a gift from Egypt to Spain in 1968 in gratitude for Spain’s help in saving archaeological treasures threatened by the construction of the Aswan High Dam. Initially built in the 2nd century BC, the temple was carefully dismantled, shipped to Spain, and reassembled in Madrid’s Oeste Park.
Visitors can explore the temple’s interior, which contains information about its history and the cult of Isis. The temple is beautifully illuminated at night, reflecting in the surrounding pool. It’s a popular spot for watching the sunset over Madrid’s western skyline. The park around the temple offers a peaceful retreat from the bustling city.
For photography enthusiasts, early morning or late afternoon provide the best light for capturing the temple. During summer, the park often hosts outdoor cinema screenings and concerts. While the interior is relatively small, the exterior and its setting make it a unique and memorable Madrid experience.
Zoo Aquarium Madrid
The Zoo Aquarium Madrid, located in Casa de Campo, is one of the largest zoos in Spain and a popular attraction for families and animal lovers. The zoo is home to over 6,000 animals from 500 different species, including endangered animals like the giant panda. The aquarium section features a variety of marine life, including sharks and tropical fish. Don’t miss the dolphin shows, which are a highlight for many visitors.
The zoo also has an aviary where visitors can walk among free-flying birds. For a unique experience, consider booking one of the zoo’s “keeper for a day” programs, where you can get a behind-the-scenes look at animal care. The zoo is committed to conservation and participates in several breeding programs for endangered species. There’s also a petting zoo area where children can interact with farm animals.
During summer, the zoo offers night visits, providing a different perspective on animal behavior. The zoo’s location in Casa de Campo means you can combine your visit with exploring this large urban park.
Puerta de Alcalá
The Puerta de Alcalá, a monumental gate in the Plaza de la Independencia, is one of Madrid’s most recognizable landmarks. Built in 1778 by order of King Charles III, it’s considered the first modern post-Roman triumphal arch, predating similar monuments in Berlin and Paris.
The gate, made of granite, features five arched openings and is adorned with sculptures and reliefs. Originally, it marked the eastern entrance to the city on the road to Alcalá de Henares. Today, it stands as a symbol of Madrid’s grandeur during the reign of the Bourbon dynasty. Visitors can admire the gate from different angles in the circular plaza. At night, the monument is beautifully illuminated, making for stunning photographs.
The surrounding area is lively, with several cafes and restaurants where you can enjoy a meal or drink with a view of the gate. For a unique perspective, climb to the rooftop terrace of the nearby Palacio de Cibeles. The gate is also a popular meeting point and a starting place for many guided tours of Madrid.
Cybele Palace and Fountain
The Cybele Palace and Fountain, located in Plaza de Cibeles, form one of Madrid’s most iconic landmarks. The palace, originally known as the Palace of Communication, was built in the early 20th century and now serves as Madrid’s City Hall. The building’s impressive architecture blends several styles, including Spanish Renaissance and Modernist. The fountain in front of the palace depicts the Roman goddess Cybele on a chariot pulled by lions. It’s a popular spot for celebrations, particularly when Real Madrid wins a major football trophy.
Visitors can explore the palace’s interior, which includes an art gallery and a glass walkway offering panoramic views of Madrid. Don’t miss the opportunity to visit the rooftop terrace, CentroCentro, which offers one of the best views in Madrid (entrance fee required). The palace also hosts temporary exhibitions and cultural events throughout the year.
At night, both the palace and fountain are beautifully illuminated, creating a magical atmosphere. The surrounding plaza is a major transportation hub, making it easy to reach from various parts of the city.
Day Trip to Segovia
A day trip to Segovia, located about 90 kilometers north of Madrid, offers a fascinating glimpse into Spain’s rich history. The city is famous for its well-preserved Roman aqueduct, a UNESCO World Heritage site that dates back to the 1st century AD.
This impressive structure, built without mortar, stretches for 894 meters with 167 arches. Another must-see is the Alcázar of Segovia, a fairy-tale castle that supposedly inspired Walt Disney’s Cinderella Castle. The city’s Gothic cathedral, the last to be built in Spain in this style, is also worth a visit.
Don’t miss trying the local specialty, cochinillo (roast suckling pig), at one of the traditional restaurants in the old town. For a unique perspective, walk along the city walls, offering panoramic countryside views. The Jewish Quarter’s narrow streets and well-preserved buildings provide insight into the city’s diverse history.
Segovia is easily accessible from Madrid by high-speed train, making it perfect for a day trip. Consider joining a guided tour to fully appreciate the city’s rich history and architectural marvels.
Day Trip to Toledo
Toledo, known as the “City of Three Cultures,” is a UNESCO World Heritage site located about 70 kilometers south of Madrid. This historic city is famous for its medieval architecture and its history of coexistence between Christian, Jewish, and Muslim cultures.
The Toledo Cathedral, a stunning example of high Gothic architecture, houses an impressive art collection that includes works by El Greco. Don’t miss the Synagogue of Santa María la Blanca, one of the oldest synagogues in Europe, and the Mosque of Cristo de la Luz, a rare example of Islamic architecture in Spain. The Alcázar of Toledo, perched on the city’s highest point, offers panoramic views and houses an interesting military museum.
Toledo is also renowned for its steel, particularly its swords; visit a local workshop to see the craft in action. The narrow, winding streets of the old town are perfect for wandering and discovering hidden plazas and shops. For art lovers, the El Greco Museum provides insight into the life and work of the famous painter who made Toledo his home. The city is easily accessible from Madrid by high-speed train, making it an ideal day trip destination.